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41.
Under a notion of splitting the existence of a unique invariant probability, and a geometric rate of convergence to it in an appropriate metric, are established for Markov processes on a general state space S generated by iterations of i.i.d. maps on S. As corollaries we derive extensions of earlier results of Dubins and Freedman;(17) Yahav;(30) and Bhattacharya and Lee(6) for monotone maps. The general theorem applies in other contexts as well. It is also shown that the Dubins–Freedman result on the necessity of splitting in the case of increasing maps does not hold for decreasing maps, although the sufficiency part holds for both. In addition, the asymptotic stationarity of the process generated by i.i.d. nondecreasing maps is established without the requirement of continuity. Finally, the theory is applied to the random iteration of two (nonmonotone) quadratic maps each with two repelling fixed points and an attractive period-two orbit. 相似文献
42.
提出一种采用Kohonen网络算法进行12电极电容CT系统的图像重建的方法.该网络由输入和输出两层神经元组成,输入为12电极电容CT系统测量所得的66个电容值,输出对应管道介质的空间分布模式.该网络采用竞争算法无监督学习,实验结果证明,该网络有较强的抗噪声能力,可重建出较精确的介质分布图像 相似文献
43.
Let F:Cn Cn be a holomorphic map, Fk be the kth iterate ofF, and p Cn be a periodic point of F of period k. That is,Fk(p) = p, but for any positive integer j with j < k, Fj(p) p. If p is hyperbolic, namely if DFk(p) has no eigenvalue ofmodulus 1, then it is well known that the dynamical behaviourof F is stable near the periodic orbit = {p, F(p),..., Fk1(p)}.But if is not hyperbolic, the dynamical behaviour of F near may be very complicated and unstable. In this case, a veryinteresting bifurcational phenomenon may occur even though may be the only periodic orbit in some neighbourhood of : forgiven M N\{1}, there may exist a Cr-arc {Ft: t [0,1]} (wherer N or r = ) in the space H(Cn) of holomorphic maps from Cninto Cn, such that F0 = F and, for t (0,1], Ft has an Mk-periodicorbit t with as t 0. Theperiod thus increases by a factor M under a Cr-small perturbation!If such an Ft does exist, then , as well as p, is said to beM-tupling bifurcational. This definition is independent of r. For the above F, there may exist a Cr-arc in H(Cn), with t [0,1], such that and, for t (0,1], has two distinct k-periodic orbits t,1 and t,2 with d(t,i, ) 0 as t 0 for i = 1,2. If such an does exist, then , as well as p, is said to be 1-tupling bifurcational. In recent decades, there have been many papers and remarkableresults which deal with period doubling bifurcations of periodicorbits of parametrized maps. L. Block and D. Hart pointed outthat period M-tupling bifurcations cannot occur for M >2 in the 1-dimensional case. There are examples showing thatfor any M N, period M-tupling bifurcations can occur in higher-dimensionalcases. An M-tupling bifurcational periodic orbit as defined here actsas a critical orbit which leads to period M-tupling bifurcationsin some parametrized maps. The main result of this paper isthe following. Theorem. Let k N and M N, and let F: C2 C2 be a holomorphicmap with k-periodic point p. Then p is M-tupling bifurcationalif and only if DFk(p) has a non-zero periodic point of periodM. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32H50, 58F14. 相似文献
44.
Several aspects of localized defects in the Frenkel-Kontorova, classicalXY chain and analogous models with a finite range of interactions are discussed from a general point of view. Precise definitions are given for defect phase shifts (charges) and for creation, pinning, and interaction energies. Corresponding definitions are also provided for interfaces (localized regions separating two phases). For the nearest-neighbor Frenkel-Kontorova model, the various defect energies are related to areas enclosed by contours joining heteroclinic points of the area-preserving map generated by the conditions of mechanical equilibrium. 相似文献
45.
The dynamics of bistable oscillators driven by periodic dichotomous noise is described. The stochastic differential equation governing the flow implies smooth trajectories between noise switching events. The dynamics of the two-branched map induced by this flow is a Markov process. Harmonic and quartic models of the bistable potential are studied in the overdamped limit. In the linear (harmonic) case the dynamics can be reduced to a stochastic one-dimensional map with two branches. The moments decay exponentially in this case, although the invariant measure may be multifractal. For strong damping, relaxation induces a cascade leading to a Cantor set and anomalous decay of the density in this case is modeled by a Markov chain. For the physically more realistic case of a quartic potential many additional features arise since the contraction factor is distance dependent. By tuning the barrier-height parameter in the quartic potential, noise-induced transition rates with the characteristics of intermittency are found. 相似文献
46.
CompletelyPositiveDefiniteMapsOverTopological-algebrasXuTianzhou(DepartmentofAppliedMathematics,BeijingInstituteofTechnofogy,... 相似文献
47.
48.
We study generalized equations of the following form: (render) where f is Fréchet differentiable in a neighborhood of a solution x* of (*) and g is Fréchet differentiable at x* and where F is a set-valued map acting in Banach spaces. We prove the existence of a sequence (xk) satisfying which is super-linearly convergent to a solution of (*). We also present other versions of this iterative procedure that have superlinear and quadratic convergence, respectively. 相似文献
0f(x)+g(x)+F(x),
49.
50.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banach space and be a Lipschitz pseudocontractive self-map of with . An iterative sequence is constructed for which as . If, in addition, is assumed to be bounded, this conclusion still holds without the requirement that Moreover, if, in addition, has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm and is such that every closed bounded convex subset of has the fixed point property for nonexpansive self-mappings, then the sequence converges strongly to a fixed point of . Our iteration method is of independent interest.